Mammals of the Kruger National Park and surrounding Bushveld, by Veronica Roodt
Mammals of the Kruger National Park and surrounding Bushveld, by Veronica Roodt.
This is a highly informative guidebook to mammals of Kruger National Park and surrounding Bushveld including information on skulls, spoors and droppings.
Dentition: Ruminant dentition
Ruminants have such a specialised digestive system that the teeth are secondary. The lower jaw retains its incisors and canines, the latter often taking on the shape of incisors. The incisors as well as the canines are absent from the upper jaw and what remains is a horny pad against which the lower incisors press when biting, to reduce wear. Pre-molars and molars are present in both the top and bottom jaws. The tongues of all antelopes are long and prehensile for the selection of food. To make space for the tongue, the jaw is elongated and the resulting, toothless space between the incisors and the molars is called the diastema. Zebra: The zebra has a single stomach and has to rely on grinding the food properly before swallowing. Therefore the teeth are long to accommodate the wear and they have both sets of incisors, which enable them to nip off grass stems. Their digestive system is well adapted to make use of the sugar in the grass stems. Rhinoceros: They lack canine and incisor teeth in both jaws but the broad lips are perfectly suited to pluck grass (white rhino) or leaves (black rhino). The molars and pre-molars are high-crowned with fine surfaces - well adapted for masticating the food. Elephant: The upper incisor teeth have been transformed into tusks. There are six molars that are periodically replaced during an elephant's lifetime. They are replaced from the back and the old molars are pushed out in front (like a conveyer-belt). Hippopotamus: The hippo retains its incisor and canine teeth in both jaws but these are used exclusively for fighting and self-defence. The molars are high-crowned. The wide, flattened, hard lips are used very effectively to pluck grass. Warthog: Warthogs have elongated, curved canines that are used for self-defence and rooting. Lower canines occlude against upper ones and are razor sharp. The incisor teeth do not serve much purpose as warthogs use their lips to nip off the grass. Carnivores: The carnivores retain upper and lower incisors, canines, premolars and molars. In most species the canines are very well developed and elongated for killing their prey effectively. Most species in this group also have carnassials. This is where the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar occlude in such a way that they form blade-like edges, enabling them to cut through the toughest skin and bones. In some species that do not eat exclusively meat, the molars are better suited for crushing than shearing. Aardwolf: The molars of the aardwolf are reduced to pegs. Pangolin: They have no teeth at all as their stomach does the work of teeth. Aardvark The teeth consist of densely packed tubules surrounded by dentine. The teeth lack enamel. Hyrax: The hyrax has two ever-growing incisor teeth, almost like the tusks of an elephant. Primates: They have teeth for an omnivorous diet, like humans, but they have large incisors for self-defence. Rodents: They have prominent, evergrowing, gnawing incisors that occlude against each other to keep them sharp. They lack canines and have a diastema.
White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
RHINOCEROS - PERISSODACTYLA
German: Breitmaulnashorn; Afrikaans: Witrenoster; Italian: Rinoceronte; French: Le Rhinoserus blanc; Spanish: Rinoceronte Blanco.
Skeleton: The rhino has a rigid spine and a short neck to enable it to maintain its balance when galloping. Their flexibility and strength are improved in that each vertebrae has a slot at the back into which the following spine fits lengthwise. When galloping, the head is held high and this requires tremendous muscle power. [...]
Droppings: [...]
This is an excerpt from the guide Mammals of the Kruger National Park and surrounding Bushveld, by Veronica Roodt.
Title: Mammals of the Kruger National Park and surrounding Bushveld
Author: Veronica Roodt
Veronica Roodt Publications
Hartbeespoort, South Africa 2013
ISBN 9780986992605 / ISBN 978-0-9869926-0-5
Softcover, 17 x 24 cm, 96 pages, throughout colour photos and images
Roodt, Veronica im Namibiana-Buchangebot
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