For Valour. The history of the Iron Cross and Wound Badge in German Southwest Africa 1914-1918

For Valour. The history of the Iron Cross and Wound Badge in German Southwest Africa 1914-1918.
for-valour
99916-40-61-4
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Author: Gordon McGregor
Namibia Scientific Society
Windhoek, 2005
ISBN 9991640614 / ISBN 99916-40-61-4
Softcover, 14 x 21 cm, 128 pages, numerous bw- and colour photos

Description: For Valour. The history of the Iron Cross and Wound Badge in German Southwest Africa 1914-1918

This book hopes to fill the much neglected area of both the German and Namibian medallic history and research namely the so called colonial Iron Crosses and Wound Badges that were awarded in the German colony of South West Africa during the 1914 - 1915 war.

The book will give the reader the background and events that led to the awarding of the 'Hildegard Orden', the only official variant of the 1914 Iron Cross, in German South West Africa.

Also included is the history of both the Iron Cross and Wound Badge that were awarded for the 1914- 915 campaign in the German colony as well as name lists of those that were awarded these decorations.

A name list of the few persons that were awarded the 'Hildegard Orden' is included for the very first time.

Of particular interest is the section dealing on how the former German colonial soldiers, still residing in the country after the war, got their awards remembering that the country was now administered by the Union of South Africa and no longer by Germany.

The book contains copies of various interesting documents relating to the 'Hildegard Orden', the Iron Cross and the Wound Badge that have been uncovered by the author during his research work for this publication.

This is a book that is a must on the book shelves of every historian and colonial collector dealing with the former colony of German South West Africa./p>

Background:

There are many and varied stories, as well as perceptions, about when and how soldiers were awarded the Iron Cross in the colony of German South West Africa1. This book concentrates on the Iron Cross2 itself as well as telling the story of the unique 'Order of Hildegard'3, and further detailing how the former soldiers of the Imperial Colonial Troops for German South West Africa4 received their awards after the military campaign of 1914 - 15 in the colony, remembering that after the war the country was now no longer a German possession.

This book does not aim to provide an historical background to, or aim to detail the military campaign in the colony, as these topics have been covered in great detail in other books, but rather concentrate on the decorations themselves. The Iron Cross was founded on 10 March 18135 by the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm III, as a Prussian decoration6 and was awarded for bravery during the war of liberation against the occupation of Prussia by France under Napoleon Bonaparte.

It was not awarded again until it was re-instated on 19 July 1870 by Wilhelm I, King of Prussia for the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. At the successful conclusion of this war, the German Empire was formed with Wilhelm I as the Emperor - the Emperor however also remained the King of Prussia.

When Great Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914, the then Emperor of Germany, Wilhelm II, but now in his capacity as King of Prussia, re-instated again, for the second time, that old and well known Prussian bravery decoration - the Iron Cross - by a Royal Decree, dated 5 August 19147. The decree reads as follows:

Statute on the revival of the Iron Cross 1914

We, Wilhelm, by the grace of God, King of Prussia, etc. In view of the serious Situation in which the beloved Fatherland finds itself due to a war forced upon it, and in thankful remembrance of the deeds of valour of our fore fathers in the great years of the war of liberation and the battle for the unification of Germany, We wish to revive the order of the Iron Cross that was founded by our great grandfather who now rests in God. The Iron Cross can be awarded without distinction in rank or Standing to members of the army, the navy and the reserves, the members of the Voluntary Nursing Service and to individuals who are serving with the army or navy, or who are employed as army or naval officials, as a reward for merit on the battlefield. In addition, those persons who within the country have rendered Service to the well being of the German Military Forces as well as its allies, may receive the Cross.

Accordingly, We now decree the following:

1. The Iron Cross decoration that has been brought to life again for this war, will, as earlier, consist of two classes and a Grand Cross. The badge, as well as the ribbon, remains the same, but on the front, under the W with a crown, is now the date 1914.
2. The Second Class is wom from the buttonhole on a black ribbon with a white border if it is awarded for merit on the battlefield. For merit at home, it is worn on a white ribbon with black edges. The First Class is worn on the left breast, and the Grand Cross from around the neck.
3. The First Class can only be awarded if the Second Class has already been awarded, and is worn next to it.
4. The award of the Grand Cross is not subject to the prior award of the First or Second Class. It may be awarded for the successful conclusion of a battle during which the enemy was forced to leave their positions, or as a result of exceptional leadership in the army or navy, or for the capture of a major fortress, or for the defence of a fortress of major importance by its continued resistance.
5. All those in possession of the Military Badge of Honour First Class and Second Class with related Privileges give, without prejudice, the constitutional rule of an Honour Allowance over to the Iron Cross First and Second Class.

Attested by Our Eminent signature and attached Royal Seal.
Signed at Berlin, 5 August 1914.

WILHELM R.
von Bethmann Hollweg, von Tirpitz, Delbrück, Beseler, von Breitenbach, Sydow, von Trott zu Solz, Frhr. von Schorlemer, Leutze, von Falkenhahn, von Loebell, Kühn, von Jagow.

The Iron Cross was again used to reward bravery or merit in the field and of course, it was not to be the last time either. From 1813 to 1914, there were three classes only, namely the Grand Cross, worn on a neck ribbon, a First Class pin back Cross and a Second Class Cross, suspended on a ribbon. The Grand Cross was only given on rare occasions and then only to Field Marshals, Generals, etc. In order to be awarded the First Class, the Second Class had to have been awarded previously.

Non-Prussians were also eligible to receive the decoration. As can be seen from the above, when the Emperor of Germany, Wilhelm II, but in his capacity as the King of Prussia, awarded the Iron Cross during the 1914-1918 war to either the Imperial German Armed Forces or the Imperial Colonial Troops in the German colonies, it was as a Royal Prussian decoration, and NOT as an Imperial German decoration!

So as to dispel the many and varied stories about the Iron Cross in the German colonies it must be noted that the Iron Cross was NEVER awarded for acts of bravery or merit during any of the various military campaigns that took place within the colonies previous to the 1914-1918 war. The Iron Cross was only awarded during the 1914-1918 war for the campaigns in the various colonies. During the various campaigns that took place in the colonies before the 1914-1918 war the System of rewarding for bravery or merit in the field was by means of State Orders or decorations i.e. from Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, etc.

When the Iron Cross was revived for the third time by proclamation of the Commander in Chief of the German Armed Forces, Adolf Hitler, on 1st September 1939, it was now as a German national decoration. The various semi-independent states ruled by kings and dukes that comprised Germany up to 1918, were after the abdication of the Emperor and the formation of the Weimar Republic, fused into a single German republican state and were now mere provinces of that state.

There were now, however, some changes to the 1939 Iron Cross, on both the First and Second Class crosses. The obverse of both classes now had the central spray of three oak leaves replaced by a swastika and the date in the bottom of the lower arm was now 1939. The reverse of the First Class was smooth and with a pin for attaching it to the uniform. The reverse of the Second Class, however, kept the date 1813, but the Prussian crown over the letters 'FW', as well as the spray of three oak leaves, was left out so as to make it a truly national German decoration.

The ribbon of the Iron Cross was also changed to the national colours of Germany - black, white and red, instead of the old Prussian colours of black and white. With the defeat of Germany in 1945, the 1939 Iron Cross came to an end but there was to be a tailpiece to its history, which was added in 1957 by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany.

In a law passed on 26 July 1957, it was stated that any war veteran could now wear the Iron Cross again but the Iron Cross was to be in a new prescribed form leaving the swastika out and replacing it with a spray of three oak leaves as in the original design but otherwise identical in all respects to the 1939 Iron Cross. The colours of the ribbon remained the same as that of the 1939 Iron Cross. Thus, the Prussian decoration had now become a national decoration when revived again but kept the tradition, founded in 1813, of the Iron Cross as a reward for bravery or merit, well alive.

The Iron Cross has a history going back to 1813, thus making it one of the oldest and well-known bravery decorations in the world. The administration and control of the Colonial Troops in the German colonies was rather unique in the fact that they did not resort, under the High Command of the Imperial German Armed Forces at all, but reported directly to the Command of the Imperial Colonial Troops, Section 'M', within the Imperial Colonial Department8 which, in turn, resorted under the Imperial Foreign Ministry.

However, as from 17 May 1910, the Imperial Colonial Department moved out from resorting under the control of the Imperial Foreign Ministry and became a ministry on it's own known as the Imperial Colonial Ministry. Thus, by not reporting directly to the High Command of the Imperial German Armed Forces, the Colonial Troops were in effect an independent and separate military entity and also having as their supreme Commander the Emperor of Germany.

Due to this reporting line, should there have been any applications for any awards to members of the Colonial Troops, then these applications would have had to be forwarded, via the Command of the Colonial Troops in the Imperial Colonial Ministry, to the General Orders Commission of the state of Prussia or any of the other states for that matter for processing. Although the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, consisting of the Cape Colony, the colony of Natal, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, the Union only formed its own defence force, the Union Defence Force, by Law No. 13 of 1912, which came into effect on 14 June 1912, a scant 2 years before the outbreak of the 1914-1918 war.

It must be noted that South Africa was technically not a sovereign state but part of the British Empire. The constitutional Status of the dominions, of which South Africa was one, precluded any of them remaining neutral in any war that Great Britain might become involved in. On the 29 July and again on 1st August 1914, the Union of South Africa government was informed by the authorities in London that the position between Great Britain and Germany was tense and critical and that South Africa was to take the necessary precautions i.e. prepare for war!

After Great Britain had declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914, General Louis Botha, Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, sent a telegram to the British government on the 7 August 1914 in which he offered to extend help to Great Britain. In this telegram, he stated that the Union government was willing to deploy the newly formed Union Defence Force for the performance of the duties entrusted to the Imperial Troops stationed by Great Britain within the territory of the Union of South Africa. The object of the South African govemment's offer was of course, to release these Imperial Troops for military service elsewhere by Great Britain.

On the same day, the British government accepted the offer and added, 'If your ministers, at the same time, desire and feel themselves able to seize such part of German South West Africa as will give them Command of Swakopmund, Lüderitzbucht and the wireless stations there, or in the interior, we should feel that this would be viewed as an act of great and urgent Imperial service'.

The Union government agreed to this on 10 August 19149, thus effectively setting the stage for the Invasion of German South West Africa. It was not anticipated by the German government that the colony of German South West Africa or, in fact, any of her colonies would become involved in the military conflict that was in essence a European war and also due to the Congo Agreement.

This agreement, of which both Germany and Great Britain were signatories to, stipulated that in the event of war in Europe, these hostilities would not be carried over into the colonies and that Europeans would not fight Europeans in Africa or anywhere else, but never-the-less German South West Africa and the other German colonies did become involved in the war. The Govenor of the Colony, Dr. Theodor Seitz'", had foreseen that the war would spread to the German colonies and already declared that the colony was in a state of war on 6 August 1914" and initiated general mobilisation on 8 August 1914.

Consequently, all available men and resources were well prepared for the military conflict that he realised lay before them. The first shots of the war in German South West Africa were fired on 23 August 1914 at Kummemais in the south eastern portion of the country when a patrol of the 2nd Company of the Ist Regiment, stationed at Ukamas, surprised a group of Boers12 moving cattle across the border between the colony of German South West Africa and the Cape Province of the Union of South Africa.

An exchange of fire then took place during which 2 members of the Colonial Troops were shot dead, they thus became the first casualties of the war that was about to descend on German South West Africa13. Thereafter, various small actions took place between the two opposing forces. The first battle was to be at Sandfontein, near Warmbad, in the south of the colony on 26 September 1914. After this battle and then, before any further real full-scale military operations against the German colony could take place, the South African government and the Union Defence Force had to deal with a rebellion, verging on a civil war, by the Boers.

The primary cause of the rebellion was a belief, amongst elements of the Boers that still cherished the ideal of independence from Great Britain, that now was the time to rise up while Great Britain was engaged in a major conflict with Imperial Germany and thus was not able to assert her Position in South Africa with any strength at all. Through this rebellion, the yoke of Great Britain would be thrown off, and they would gain their independence once more and this would lead to the re-establishment of the old former South African Republic and the Free State again.

Many of the Boer leaders were also opposed to the invasion of German South West Africa as they still viewed Germany as the country who came to their aid during their earlier conflict with Great Britain. The issue of the invasion was also hotly debated in the South African Parliament by the various representatives there and the members siding with the invasion, winning the day. However, the flame of rebellion had been lit and some of the Boer leaders decided to rise up against the South African government and overthrow it.

The defeat of the Union Defence Force at Sandfontein was welcome news to the advocates of rebellion. On 9 October 1914 Lieutenant Colonel Saloman Gerhardus (Manie) Maritz, Commander of the Union Defence Force Troops stationed in the Upington area, went into open rebellion while camped at a place called van Roois Vlei in the northern Cape and on 12 October the South African government declared martial law throughout South Africa.

The South African government now had a rebellion on their hands! After a series of battles and actions with the Union Defence Force, the rebel commandos were forced to surrender to them one after the other. The Union Defence Force had successfully suppressed the rebellion and was now again ready to enter the war. On 28 November 1914, the British government was informed by the South African government that the Union Defence Force was once again ready to resume the campaign against German South West Africa.

The history of the Iron Cross in German South West Africa can effectively be split into two distinct periods, namely the 'Hildegard Orden' and the Iron Cross periods. These periods will be handled separately so as to build up a picture of each award and their distinct histories that make them unique additions to the history of the 1914 Iron Cross in general. […]

References and notes:

1. German - Deutsch-Südwestafrika
2. Ibid. - Eisernes Kreuz
3. Ibid. - Hildegard Orden. From now onwards all references to this decoration will be in German
4. Ibid. - Kaiserliche Schutztruppe fur Deutsch-Südwestafrika
5. Published in the Schlesische privilegierte Zeitung, Nr. 34, Saturday, 20 March 1813
6. A decoration is defined as an award ranking below any order but above any medal and is awarded for distinctions such as gallantry or meritorious service
7. Royal Decree of 5 August 1914, Militär-Wochenblatt, Nummer 105, 8. August 1914, Berlin, Germany
8. The Command of the Colonial Troops was situated at Mauerstrasse 45/46, Berlin W. 8, Germany
9. Smuts by W.K. Hancock, Vol. 1, pp. 378, 379, Cambridge University Press, 1962, United Kingdom
10. Dr. Theodor Seitz was Governor of the colony of German South West Africa from 1 September 1910 to 9 July 1915
11. Amtsblatt für das Schutzgebiet Deutsch-Südwestafrika, 6. August 1914, Nummer 17, p. 37, Windhoek, Deutsch-Südwestafrika
12. An Afrikaans speaking person of European descent and inhabiting Southern Africa
13. Der Feldzug in Südwest by Dr. Hans v. Oelhafen, p.28. Safari-Verlag, 1923, Berlin, Germany


Content:

PREFACE
FOREWORD
INDEX
Background
The 'Hildegard Orden'
Name list of recipients of the 'Hildegard Orden'
The 1914 Iron Cross
Name list of recipients of the Iron Cross
The 1914-1918 Wound Badge
Name list of recipients of the Wound Badge
Glossary


Index:

Adam, Gerhard
Agge,Jürgen
Albes, Louis
Allendorf, Hermann
Alpers, Curt
Alvensleben, Constantin von
Anderson, Wilhelm
Andrischock, Theodor
Angel, Johann
Anterscheck, Johannes
Archillies, Josef
Arie, Alois
Auguste Viktoria, Empress of Germany
Aus, town of
Baerle, Otto von
Bail, Max, Dr.med.
Ballnus, Otto
Barteis, Hugo
Barton,Paul
Baudisch, Josef
Baufeld, Karl
Bauscher, Friedrich
Bause, Albert
Becker, Ernst
Becker, Julius
Becker, Reinhold
Beckmann, Martin
Behrmann, Hermann
Bender, Philipp
Bennecke, Heinrich Stats
Bennigsen, Hans-Jobst von
Bennigsen, Helmyth Rudolf von
Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda, Hurbert, Graf zu
Berg, Ernst, Dr.med.
Bergkwist, Johann
Bertram, Otto
Beschnidt, Walter
Beuster, Hans
Beyer, Georg
Bieder, Kurt
Biela, Isidor
Biersack, Hans
Bierwirth, Walter
Bilewski, Alex
Binkowski, Johannes
Blank, Robert
Blinn, August
Block, Wilhelm
Blumers, Kurt, Dr.med.
Bobbe, Otto
Bockelmann, Heinrich
Bocian, Paul
Böer, Friedrich
Boer, people called
Boetticher, Wolfgang von
Bohn,
Bohnenberg, Heinrich
Bohnengel, Oskar
Bohnstedt, Otto
Boldt, Robert
Bordersen,
Borth, Wilhelm
Böse, Max
Botha, Louis, General
Brandenburg, Mathias
Brandt, Wilhelm
Breintner, Xaver
Brenner, Friedrich, Dr.med.
Brendel, Georg
Brockmann, Johannes
Brokopp, H. S.
Brook, Otto
Bruhn, Albert
Bubge, Franz
Buch, Friedrich
Buhre, W. F. F.
Bullmann, Otto
Burkhardt, Rudolf
Bürkner, Hans
Burzynski,
Buthut, Wilhelm
Casper, Ferdinand
Celbrodt, Josef
Clausen, Kurt
Clausnitzer, Ewald
Colonial Ministry, Colonial Troops resort under
High Command within
High Command within, address of
location within Imperial Foreign Ministry
Cordes, Max
medal group of
Cossel, Detloffvon
D
Dargel, Paul
Daus, Friedrich
de Roos, Heinrich
Dehl,
Deininger, Wolfgang
Deinlein, Johann
Demitrowitz, Karl
Demröse, Otto
Denk, Hans
Dewitz, Max von
Dickmann, Siegfried
Dietrich, Karl
Dietz, Hermann
Disbandment ofthe Colonial Troops
Doctorowski, Felix
Dohle, Wilhelm
Dombrowski, Johann
Domröse, Adolf
Döring, Karl
Drees, Jacob
Drescher, Friedrich
Dresden, colonial exhibition in
Drinkhut, Hans
Du Plessis, Pieter
Dudeck,Joseph
E
Eckel, Karl
Egersdorf, Horst
Eggersglüss, Heinrich
Ehrentraut, Erwin
Ehrhardt, Eudwig
Ehrhardt, Walter
Ehrlich, Max
Eichberger, Friedrich
Eichhoff, Wilhelm
Eickmann, Gustav
Eisberger, Frans, Dr.med.
Engel, Georg
Engel, Karl
Epple, Ernst
Eschen, Hermann
Esebeck, Jochen, Freiherr von
Esper, Nie
Essmann, Erich
Ettengruber, Edmund
Ewert, Karl
Extembrink, Emil
Eysselein, Georg
F
Falkenhan, Oscar
Falkenstein, Georg
Fechner, Ernst
Fehr, Bemard
Fiedel, Johannes
Filges, Heinrich
Fischer, Johann
Fischler, Eeopold
Fock, Georg, Dr.med.
Fonck, Richard
Forkel, Otto, Dr.jur.
Letter from Colonial Ministry
Frahm, Friedrich
Franke, Georg
Franke, Max
Franke, Victor
photograph of
Frankenberg,
Freiberg, Max
Preise, Kurt
Frenzel, Ludwig
Fresenius, Friedrich, Dr.
Frey, Karl
Frick, Wilhelm
Friedmann, Max
Friedmann, Michael
Friedrich, Walter, Dr.med.
Fritzsche, Max, Dr.jur.
Frohberg, F.
Fröhlich, Joseph
Fuhrmann, Heinrich
G
Gaedtke, Ewald
Gagelmann, Wilhelm
Gärtner, Richard
Gaumert, Josef
Geldem-Crispendorf, Werner von
Gellineck, Hubertus
Germany, aircraft markings of
Federal Republic of
Imperial War Flag
tank, A7V
Gibeon, town of
Giersch, Karl
Giesecke, Walter
Giesemann, Ludwig
Giessübl, Johann
Glockemeyer, Georg
Gobabis, town of
Göhring, Gustav
Goralski, Friedrich
Gösch, Hans
Göse,
Gossler, Hans von
Göthje, Nikolaus
Gotthard, Paul
Götz, Johann
Grabe, Paul
Grafenstein, Paul
Grau, Otto
Great Britain
Greiner, Heinrich, Dr.med.
Geisler, Julius
Genschow, Adolf
Gries, August, Prof.
Gruber, Franz
Gruhl, Paul
Grunwald, Otto
Grusdt, G.
Gudde, Oskar
Guhlmann, Alfred
Güll, Otto
Gumprecht, Wilhelm
Günther, Gottlieb
Günther, Otto
Guse,
Güther, Ernst
Gutjahr, Erich
Gutjahr, Rudolf
H
Haberland, Otto
Hackländer, Fritz
Hackländer, Rudolph
Hadeln, Friedrich, Freiherr von
Hagen, Eberhard von dem
Hain, Fritz
Hammer,
Handke, Max
Hannemann, Hans, Dr.med.
Harms, Albert
Harms, Sieske
Harmuth, Paul
Härter, Emil
Hartmann, Heinrich von
Hausbrandt, Erich
Hauth, Albert
Heinemann, Heinrich
Heiniein, S.H.
Heinrich Timm, business house named
advertisements of
Heiser, Karl
Held, Max
Helfer, Wilhelm
Helmich, Fritz
Hepke, Georg von
Herbert, Adalbert
Hermann, Alfred
Hermann, Karl
Hermann, Johann
Herold, Johann
Herrle, Max
Hesse, Wilhelm
Heydebreck, Joachim von
photograph of
Heyn, Rudolf
Heyn, Wilhelm
Heyse, Paul
Hildegard Orden
Command Order, copy of
Hilgendorf, Gustav
Hilgenfeldt, Wilhelm
Hintrager, Oskar, Dr.jur.
Hinz, Martin
Hirsekorn, Hans, Dr.jur.
Hitler, Adolf
Hoffmann, Paul
Hoffmann, Richard
Hoffmeister, Paul
Hoffmeyer, Georg
Hofmann, Karl
Hofmeister, Heinrich
Hofmeister, Walter
Höhlbaum, Max
Höhner, Emil
Höppner, Amold
Hörlein, Hans
Hom, Gustav
Hom, Karl
Hümann, Jacob
Hundsdörfer, Hans
Hunold, Jacob
Hupel, Amo
I
Immler, Hermann
Iron Cross, 1813
Iron Cross, 1870
Iron Cross, 1914 9,11
IstClass
2ndClass 12,13,18
Advertisements for the purchase of
Bar - SÜDWESTAFRIKA
Certificate of Possession
Decree for the revival of
Grand Cross
totals awarded
Iron Cross, 1939
2nd Class, photograph of
Iron Cross, 1957,
Irschlinger, Adolf
Ivers, Fritz
J
Jankowsky, Wenzeslaus
Janz, Ernst
Jaspersen, Karl
Jensen, Karl
Jentsch, Paul
Jess, Jürgen
Jipsen, Hermann
Joachem, Max
John, Walter
Johnson, J.
K
Kadur, Karl
Kalkfontein Süd, town of
Kalter, Felix
Kamina, radio Station in Togo
Kannegieser, Joachim, Dr.med.
Karan, Albert
Karasburg, town of, see Kalkfontein Süd
Karibib, town of
Kaschube, August
Kasdorf, Gustav
Kasten, Rudolf
Katzler, Carl von
Kayssler, Leopold
Kazmaier, Johann
Keetmanshoop, town of
Kellner, Paul
Khorab, Treaty of
Kienast, M.
Kiesewetter, Franz
Kiewitt, Emil,
Klaenfoth, Albert
Kleemann, Hugo
Kleinau, Friedrich
Kleine, Ernst
Kleist, Bogislav von
Klinger, Willy
Klöppel, Paul
Klotzeck, A.
Knabe, Hermann
Knepke, Otto
Kniess, Georg
Knoke, Fritz
Knorr, Heinrich
Koch, Albert
Koch, Robert
Köchling, Amold
Kolberg, Karl
Kölzer, Julius
Köhler, Alfred, Dr.
Köhler, Hugo
Kollatz, Wilhelm
Kolle, Leonhard
Koller, Andreas
Kolonialblatt
Kolonialkriegerdank
lapel badge of
Komor, Franz
Körber, H.
Kraft, Georg
Kräh, Hermann
Kränzle, Kurt, Dr.med.
Krebs, Paul
Kretschmar, Albert
Kreuzberg, Maximilian
Krohne, Georg
Kröncke, Hellmuth, Dr.
Kross, Max
Kubierske, Kurt
Kuck, Walter
Kugland, Otto Eduard
Kühn, Franz
Kühne Erich
Kühne, Heinz von
Kühnle, Wilhelm, Dr.med.
Kulla, Gustav
Kümmel, Adolf
Kummemais, engagement at
Kund, Herbert
Kuntze, Robert
Kuppert, Richard
Kurka, Paul
Kurz, Walter
Kuse, Ludwig
L
Lademann, Karl
Lamain, Reinhold
Lang, Karl
Langhinrichs, Peter
Lanz, Carl
Laskowski, F. H.
Lassak,Josef
Laucke, Erich
Lehmann, Gustav
Lehne, Georg
Leitner, Willy
Lenz, Max
Löbbecke, Gert von
Löffler, Max
Lohr,
Lohse, Kurt
Lübke, Erich
Lubowski, August
Lüder, Erich
Lüders,
Lüderitzbucht, town of
Lüttichau, Max, Graf von
Lux, Arthur, Dr.vet.
Lyncker, Hans
Lyncker, Moritz, Freiherr von
M
Maag, Alfons, Dr.vet.
Maass, Georg, Dr.med.
Maass, Paul
Mahlke, Friedrich
Mähnz, Robert, Dr.med.
Mährle, Reinhold
Majewski, J.F.
Maisch, Richard
Maltahöhe, town of
Maltzahn, Heinrich, Freiherr von
Mansfeld, Eugen
Manthei, Walter
Maritz, Salomon Gerhardus (Manie)
Martach, Konrad
Martial Law in South Africa, declaring of
lifting of
Marty, Hans
Mathe, Amo
Mattenklodt, Wilhelm
Mattheus, Ludwig
Matthiessen, Robert
Maul, Alfred
Maushake,0.
Mehnert, Amold
Mehnert, Gottreich
Mehnert, Hubertus
Meide,
Meissner, Julius
Meister, Willi
Melzer, Paul
Merensky, Alexander, Dr.jur.
Merit Medal for Soldiers
Merkel, Amo
Mertens, Götz
Metzger, Hermann
Meyer,
Meyer, Felix, Dr.med.
Meyer, Fritz
Meyer, Karl Wilhelm
Meyer, Paul
Meyer, Willi
Meyer-Gossler, Heinrich
Michaelsen, Werner
Minge, Franz
Moldzio, Hans-Dietrich
Moormann, B.J.
Moroff, Waldemar
Mücke, Erich
Müllenbach, Rudolf
Müller, Erich
Müller, Karl
Müller, Friedrich
Müller, Otto
Müller, Peter
Münch, Harry
Münch,Johann
Mylo, Wolfgang
N
Namibia, country of
Neckel, Ernst
Neser, Heinrich
Neubecker, Richard
Neuenfeldt, Otto
Neuhaus, Adolf
Niehaus, Carl
Nitze, Wilhelm
Nitzpen, Paul
Noack, Wilhelm
Noss, Emil
Nowak, Hermann
Nowakowski, Friedrich
0
Oertzen, Viktor von
Oppen, Udo von
Order of Hildegard, see Hildegard Orden
Ostermann, Wilhelm
Ott, J.
Otzen, Max
Outjo, town of
P
Pape, Georg
Paris, Fritz von
Pascherat, Franz
Päsler, Wilhelm
Paulsick, Karl
Pehlemann, Hugo
Perschke, Ludwig
Peters, August
Peters, Bernhard
Petersen, Kurt
Pfafferott, Otto
Philipps, Daniel
Pilz, Erich
Plietz, Albert
Police force, territorial
Polit, Hermann
Poschmann, Leonhard
Preiss, Franz
Prittwitz und Gaffron, Hans-Wolf von
Pritzel, J.
Proempeler, Otto
Prussia, State of
Przewerzinski, Ernst
Przewloka, Oskar
Puhlmann, Franz
Puff, August
Pulling, Franz
Putschker, Franz
Q
Qualifying certificate for a Wound Badge
R
Räch, Richard
Ramansdrift, skirmish at
Rappenecker, Franz
Rebellion in South Africa by Boers
Rebstock, Franz
Rechenberg, Wilhelm, Freiherr von
Red Cross, Womans section ofthe German
Reddig, Wilhelm
Rehoboth, town of
Reichardt, Wilhelm
Reichsgesetzblatt
Reinhardt, Wilhelm
Reinhold, Friedrich
Reinicke, Max
Reisen, Rene
Remanofsky, Victor
Rentel, Paul
Repatriation of German nationais
Reuning, Ernst, Dr.
Reuter, Rudolf
Reymann, Ewald
Ribbe, Karl
Richter, A.K.
Richter, Heinrich
Richter, Hermann
Richter, Karl
Riefenstahl, Hans, Dr.med.
Rimkus, Albert
Ringsdorf, A.
Rinke, Hermann
Ritter, Alfred
Ritter, Hermann
Ritter, Robert
Rocholl, Hermann
Roehl, Otto von
Rogge, Heinrich
Rohe, Ernst
Rohmann, August
Röhmer, Johann
Rohrbeck, Richard
Rokahr, Christian
Roos, Ludwig
Rosenow, Wilhelm
Rosenow, Werner
Rosenstein, Moses
Rösner, Karl
ROSS, Paul, K. J.
Rössler, Max
Rothkegel, Josef
Rothkirch und Panton, Heinrich von
Rubbert, Friedrich
Rübner, Franz Guido
Ruddigkeit, Otto
Ruh,Eugen
Rühling, Karl
Runds, Karl
Runk, Richard
Ruser, Heinrich
Rust, Friedrich
S
Sagan,Josef
Sager, Wilhelm
Salomo, Walter
Samel, Hermann
Sandfontein, battle of
Sanio, Jakob
Sass, Georg
Sasserath, Friedrich, Dr.med.
Schach von Wittenau, Hermann
Schacht, Kurt
Schack von Wittenau, Siegfried
Schad, Arnold
Schade, Karl, Freiherr von
Schaeffer, Gustav
Schäfer, Josef
Schaller, Karl
Schanderl, Alfons
photograph of
Schatz, Gustav
Schätzlein, Karl
Schaumburg, August, Dr.med.
Scheele, Alexander Freiherr von
Schenk, Eduard
Scherer, Friedrich
Scherrer, Friedrich
Schetter, Fritz
Schimke, Wilhelm
Schindersky, Johannes
Schirm, Georg
Schlamelcher, Hermann
Schlenter, Otto
Schlicht, Adolf
Schlink, Karl
Schlotte, Werner
Schluckwerder, Alfred
Schmettau, Walter von
Schmid, G. Dr.vet.
Schmidt, Gustav
Schmidt, Johannes, Dr.med.
Schmidt, Oswald
Schmidt, Traugott
Schmitt, Arthur
Schneider, Arthur
Schneider, Ernst
Schneider, Hermann
Schneider, Reinhard
Schnürpel, Alexander
Scholich, Richard
Scholvien, Robert, Dr.med.
Scholz, Max
Schönbom, Bruno
Schönlein, Albrecht
Schrader, Karl
Schraube, Richard
Schröder, Philip, gen. von Schirp
Schuler, Johann
Schulz, Emil
Schulz, Hans
Schulze,
Schulze, Richard
Schulzendorf, Georg
Schumann, Alfred
Schuster, Emil
Schuster, Franz
Schutt, Franz
Schütz, Julius von
Schütz, Wilhelm von
Schabe, Ernst
Schwarz, L. Dr.med.
Schwarz, Wilhelm
Schweinebarth, Heinrich
Schweitzer, Theodor Dr.med.
Schwerin, Hans-Bogislav, Graf von
Sckär, Karl
Sdorra, Gustav
Seeliger, Gustav
Seibert, Joseph, Dr.med.
Seitz, Hildegard, Mrs.
photograph of
Seitz, Theodor, Dr., Governor of German South West Africa
photograph of
Selzer, Michael
Sening, Adolf
Senstlebe, Alfred
Sentefol, Edgar
Seredzun, Otto
Siegmann, Albert
Sigwart, Hans, Dr.vet.
Sinn, Albert
Sommer, Hans
Sonntag, Gustav
South Africa, Union of
South West Africa, German 14,
Protectorate of
Sowa, Wilhelm
Spangehl, Franz
Speer, Emil
Sperwien, Albert
Sporn, Richard
Sputh, Bruno
Stacks, C.J.
Stade, Richard
Stang, Paul
Stangenberg, Otto
Starck, Albert, Dr.
Staroste, Walter
Steckel, Alfred
Steffen, Karl
Steglich, Max
Steinbach, Peter
Stelzner, Fedor
Stein, Karl
Stein, Wilhelm, Freiherr von
Stier, Hans
Stiller, Paul
Stollenmeier, Wilhelm
Stolzenburg, Albert
Strassburg, Rudolf
Strehle,
Strubenrauch, Victor
Suling, Gerhard
Summa, Eduard, Dr.med.
Swakopmund, town of
Sydow Ernst von
Szczytnicki, Xaver von
Szewszyk, Ignatz
T
Teichmann, Richard
Themm, Bernard
Thiemann, Robert
Thomas, Robert
Thometzek, Walter
Thormann, Wilhelm
Thurm, Wilhelm
Timmermann, Karl
Trede, Kurt
Trillitzsch, Friedrich
Trommsdorf, Friedrich, Dr.med.
Tsumeb, town of
Turner, Rudolf
Tuschke, Friedrich
U
Urlaub, John
Union Defence Force
V
Vachenauer, Georg
Veitjen, Joseph
Versailles, peace treaty of
Vidahl-Tannenberg, Karl
Vietsch, Wilhelm, Dr. von
Virmond, Karl
Voigt, Hans
Vollberg, August
Vollmer, Paul
Vopel, Richard
Vorberg, Hans, Otto
Vorwald, Ernst
W
Wacker, Karl
Wagner, Albert
Wagner, Hermann
Walbaum, Günther
Walter, Max
Wandelt, Johannes
Warschau, Andreas
Weck, Rüdiger
Wedel, Ewald von
Wehle, Kurt
Wehner, Arno
Wehnert, Wilhelm
Weigert, Gustav
Weiher, Hermann
Weinhold, Gustav
Weischer, Oskar
Weiss, Adolf
Weiss, Erich
Weisshampel, E.T.W.
Weissner,
Weitzenberg, Arno
Wengel, J.G.
Werner, Friedrich
Westenfeld, Theodor
Westermeyer, Josef
Westphal, Adolf
Westphal, Wilhelm
Westphal, Karl
Weule, Walter
Wiechert, Albert
Wiedemeyer, Maximilian
Wieder, Max
Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany
Wife of, see Auguste Viktoria
King of Prussia
Wilhemi, Wilhelm
Willforth, Karl
Windhoek, town of
Windhuk, town of, see Windhoek
Windisch, August
Windisch, Johannes
Winkelmann, Wilhelm
Winkler, August
Winter, Reinhold
Wiswe, Richard
Wirth, Georg
Wirtz, Hans
Wittrin, F.
Witzlau, Adolf
Woker, Theodor
Wolf, Paul, Dr.med.
Woiff, Hermann
Wollert, Gustav
Woost, Friedrich
Wossmann, Ernst
Wound Badge
black
Certificate of Possession
Decree for the army
Decree for the Colonial Troops
Decree for the navy
designer of
for Colonial Troops
gold
silver
Wyppier, Hyazinth
Z
Zabell, Curt
Zehrt, Heinrich
Ziehm, Kurt
Zeise, Gustav
Ziegler, Ottokar
Ziehen, Rudolf
Zindel, Ernst
Zwiesler, Ernst

Recommendations for For Valour. The history of the Iron Cross and Wound Badge in German Southwest Africa 1914-1918